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This study investigated the water quality affecting the distribution of the moss species Fissidens anomalus Mont. in Ban Sri Dao Ruang, Palian District, Trang Province. The primary objective was to examine the water quality in the upstream areas at three specific study sites, following the GLOBE protocols.The research findings indicated that the water quality is highly suitable for the growth and distribution of Fissidens anomalus Mont. The average water temperature was recorded at 25.91°C, with an average pH value of 6.67, indicating a slightly acidic to near-neutral state. Furthermore, the average dissolved oxygen (DO) was as high as 6.48 mg/L. According to the Pollution Control Department's standards for surface water quality and utilization, this classifies the sites as very clean water sources.The distribution of Fissidens anomalus Mont. was found to be most dense on rocks along the stream banks, characterized by high humidity and consistent water flow, which aligns with the excellent water quality measurements. The results of this study confirm that water quality is a crucial factor directly influencing moss distribution. Moreover, it reflects that this moss species serves as an effective bioindicator of local ecosystem health, providing essential data for the sustainable management of natural resources.