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This research aimed to study the biodiversity and abundance of freshwater invertebrates, as well as water quality, in Huai Yang and Huai Wa streams at Ban Phak Mai Yai, Huai Thap Than District, Sisaket Province. Invertebrates and water samples were collected from two sampling sites. The species and number of invertebrates were analyzed, and water quality parameters were measured, including pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The results showed that at Site 1, five species of invertebrates were found, namely freshwater shrimp, snails, leeches, water spiders, and water striders, with a total of seven individuals, indicating relatively high biodiversity. In contrast, Site 2 had three species of invertebrates—freshwater shrimp, water spiders, and water striders—with a total of 22 individuals, of which freshwater shrimp was the most abundant species. Water quality analysis revealed that the pH values at both sites were similar, ranging from 6.18 to 6.25, indicating slightly acidic conditions. Water temperature ranged from 33.4 to 33.6 degrees Celsius. Dissolved oxygen levels at Site 2 were clearly higher than those at Site 1, with values of 8.5 and 6.0 milligrams per liter, respectively. When compared with standard criteria, the water quality at both sites was classified as fair to good. Dissolved oxygen levels were suitable for aquatic organism conservation and fisheries; however, the pH values were slightly lower than the optimal range for aquaculture. The findings indicate that water quality and biodiversity are interrelated. Sites with higher dissolved oxygen levels supported greater abundance of certain organisms. Nevertheless, biodiversity was not dependent solely on dissolved oxygen but was also influenced by habitat structure, food availability, and environmental stability. This study provides baseline information that can be used for planning appropriate and sustainable local water resource management and conservation.