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In this research, we compared the biodiversity and natural and chemical characteristics between the Al-Naseeb and Al-Thabiti falajs. This, in turn, helps in understanding the environment, its balance, its protection, and ensuring its sustainability for future generations. The research was conducted to answer: How different are the physical and chemical properties of the Al-Naseeb and Al-Thabiti falajes? How different are the biodiversity (algae, fish) of the Al-Naseeb and Al-Thabiti falajes? How do the chemical properties affect the biodiversity of the Al-Naseeb and Al-Thabiti falajes? We conducted a comparison between the characteristics of two water samples(weekly during November and December) , one from Falaj Al-Thabiti and the other from Falaj Al-Nassib, by applying the water protocol with regard to (temperature, transparency, acidity, salinity, dissolved oxygen in the water). We also counted the fish and observed their color after collecting them from the two falajs using a net against the direction of the falaj current. The abundance of dissolved oxygen produced by the photosynthesis of green algae, which is necessary for fish respiration, is present in Falaj Al-Thabiti. Due to the very high salinity of the water, its lower transparency, the lower efficiency of algae in photosynthesis, and the lack of dissolved oxygen, the number of fish is lower. The researchers recommend expanding the scope of the study to include microorganisms. The results indicated that the transparency of Falaj Al-Naseeb water was (120cm) and that of Al-Thabiti water was (110cm), and their temperatures were (31.3-31.8) respectively, and the dissolved oxygen in them was (5.5mg/L), and the acidity of Al-Thabiti water was (7.9) while the acidity of Al-Naseeb water was (8.26), but the conductivity and salinity of Al-Thabiti water were (2.21ppt-2496.5µs) while Falaj Al-Naseeb water was (0.585ppt-836.6µs). Regarding biodiversity, it was found that the number of fish in Falaj Al-Naseeb is greater, and there are green filamentous algae (from which more bubbles come out), some of which are brown, while the number of fish is less in Falaj Al-Thabiti, and the filamentous algae are black in color (from which fewer bubbles come out). Based on the results, the researchers concluded that Falaj Al-Naseeb has more biodiversity, with a higher number of fish and the presence of green and brown filamentous algae. This is attributed to the high water transparency, higher pH (less acidity), moderate temperature, and low salinity. and the abundance of dissolved oxygen resulting from the photosynthesis of green algae,which is necessary for the respiration of fish.The researchers recommend Raising community about preserving the aflaj for the sustainability of the ecosystem.