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This study investigates the water quality and its effects on biodiversity within the Khlong Lamchan Non-Hunting Area, Chong Subdistrict, Na Yong District, Trang Province, Thailand. The objectives were: 1) To study the physical water quality of the area, and 2) To examine the biodiversity of organisms within the site. Water samples were collected from three different locations. The methodology was divided into two parts: physical water quality analysis and biodiversity assessment. The physical parameters measured included water temperature, pH levels, dissolved oxygen (DO), and water transparency. The biodiversity survey focused on identifying species of phytoplankton, algae, protozoa, and aquatic invertebrates. The results showed that the average water temperature ranged from 28–29°C, which is optimal for the metabolic processes and reproduction of aquatic life. The pH levels ranged between 8.33–8.67, indicating a slightly alkaline (basic) condition that reflects the water body's efficiency in maintaining acid-base balance. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were recorded at 7.33–8.17 mg/L, which is considered "Good" to "Very Good," indicating effective gas exchange and photosynthesis by aquatic plants and phytoplankton. Furthermore, the high transparency of the water, with the bottom clearly visible, suggests low suspended solids and an environment conducive to photosynthesis. Regarding biodiversity, four main groups of plankton were identified: 1 1.Unicellular organisms (Protozoa): 3 species found, including Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg, Paramecium bursaria Ehrenberg Focke, and Vorticella sp. 2.Zooplankton: 8 species found, including Lecane leontina, Brachionus sp., Mytilina sp., Scaridium longicaudum, Testudinella patina, Euchlanis sp., Nematoda, and Stylaria lacustris. 3.Phytoplankton: 1 species found, Staurastrum sp. 4.Mixotrophs: 1 species found, Euglena sp. Additionally, 14 species of algae were identified, such as Dictyosphaerium granulatum, Netrium digitus, Spirogyra sp., Pinnularia Ehrenberg, and Volvox sp., among others. A total of 12 species of aquatic invertebrates, ranging from small to large sizes, were also recorded, including Neritina natalensis sp., Chironomus sp., Caridea, Cyclops sp., and Daphnia sp. The presence of a high variety andabundance of primary producers indicates the ecosystem's potential for energy production.Meanwhile, the presence of various levels of consumers reflects a healthy food chain and efficient nutrient cycling. Some identified species serve as bioindicators of water quality, aligning with the physical quality results which were rated as "Good." In conclusion, the Khlong Lamchan Non-Hunting Area is a fertile freshwater habitat with suitable water quality and high biodiversity, signifying a balanced and stable freshwater ecosystem. These findings serve as baseline data for monitoring water quality changes, natural resource conservation, and sustainable management of freshwater ecosystems in non-hunting areas.