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Soil is a natural media and it is a relatively complex and non-fixed system. It changes depending on the many factors some of which are natural and others due to human activities. Agricultural product productivities depend on it is fertility and suitability to a crop plant. Statistics show that one third of the population of our planet is suffering food shortages. This problem was recorded in developing countries, and it was estimated that 10 thousand people die every day as a result to food shortages. In this current study differences between agricultural and non-agricultural soil in Al- Madinah Al-Munawwarah was studied. Different soil properties were measured and compared; pH, nitrogen and carbonates content and also its conductivity. Results showed that there were differences between the two types of soil in these properties. Soil pH and conductivity were higher in non-agricultural soil to that measured in the agricultural soil. However, the proportion content of both nitrogen and carbonates were higher in the agricultural land under study. Farmers in general prefer the suitable land for their crops and mostly is the neutral type of soil. It is important to look for ways to protect agricultural land in Al- Madinah Al-Munawwarah and launch different ways to reacclimatize poor soil. In addition, study several factors which may lead to deteriorate agricultural soil such salinity and contaminations. Al- Madinah AlMunawwarah soil historically is suitable for planting date palm trees and therefore it is important to keep this important fruit crop thriving in this area.